Video looks ok, its black and white monitor, so i guess the yellow not connected wire is the sync
Black and white is basicly a component signal
The last pic looks like mains for the monitor, blabk and white wires are many time for that And its comming from the transformer so my guess its comming from the 110 volt part (isolation transformer section for the monitor)
As for only 5 volt, 12 volts is normally only for the audio amp
Looks like connector f on the powersupply is cut because that part is replaced by the switcher, and the 12 volts is still comming from the old ps
I would search for a wirediagram of the cabinet an check that to your setup
Edit:
http://www.crazykong.com/manuals/SpaceInvaders.man.pdf
Page 22
Aonther link with lots of info ;
http://www.brentradio.com/SpaceInvaders.htm
Thanks very much. So I shouldn't really power up the monitor without that cable connected to...somewhere!?

Those wires cut from connector F and soldered along with ground and +5 from new PS should be doing something though right!? I can only assume this is the reason I'm getting nothing but I wouldn't know what to do with them. It looks like some kind of custom connector was put on them maybe and then taken off? Not sure.
Yes
chrischris in theory I understand! Yes that would be brilliant mate, just to get an idea of other setups. Thanks.